Author: Head

Key Vocabulary
vaccine	Injecting a preparation into a person to prevent them from developing certain diseases.
Radiology	A specialist area of medicine that uses imaging to diagnose and treat diseases within the body.
Penicillin	A form of antibiotic used by doctors to treat infections in the body.
Bacteria	Single celled organisms that can’t be seen by the naked eye.
Neutron	Found in the nucleus of an atom and have zero charge which means they are neutral particles.
NHS	National Health Service
locomotive	A self-powered engine powered by steam, diesel or electricity used for pulling or pushing a train of carriages.
Sumerians	People from the earliest known civilisation in Southern Mesopotamia.
BC	Before Christ
AD	Anno Domini which in Latin means ‘in the year of our Lord’
manufacture	An industry that makes products from raw materials.

Key Knowledge-Transport
The wheel was invented in Mesopotamia between 4200 and 4000 BC. It was used as a potters wheel.
Karl Von Drais invented the first steerable two wheeled bicycle in 1817 called ‘The Hobby Horse’
Karl Benz invented the first motor car in 1886 know as the ‘Motorwagen.’ It had three wheels.
Cities developed during the Industrial Revolution (1760-1840) when factories began to manufacture products in larger volumes and they needed large numbers of workers, so people moved to live in cities.
Thomas Telford adapted ideas first used by the Romans. On top of foundations made from large stone blocks, Telford spread layers of large and small stones.
John Macadam, a Scottish engineer, spent 30 years improving the roads in the United Kingdom.
Macadam’s roads had a layer of big stones with smaller stones and gravel on top. It made a road that was hard and less bumpy to ride on. He worked out that roads needed to be curved and raised so that water could run down the sides.
The first aeroplane flight took place in 1903 and was invented by Wilbur and Orville Wright.
George Stevenson built Locomotion No 1, the first steam locomotive to carry passengers on a public railway, from Stockton to Darlington, in 1825.

Key Knowledge-Medicine
On May 14, 1796, Jenner took fluid from a cowpox blister and scratched it into the skin of James Phipps, an eight-year-old boy. A single blister rose up on the spot, but James soon recovered. On July 1, Jenner vaccinated the boy again, this time with smallpox matter, and no disease developed. The vaccine was a success.
Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen invented the X-Ray when experimenting with electrical currents through glass cathode- ray tubes. The following year Glasgow Hospital had opened the world’s first radiology department.
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 which revolutionised the war against bacteria.
Chadwick is best known for his discovery of the neutron in 1932. He anticipated that neutrons would become a major weapon in the fight against cancer.
The NHS began in 1948 and was launched by Aneurin Bevan, the Minister for Health at the time.

FREELAND CE PRIMARY SCHOOL
EUREKA!
Kingfishers YEAR A Summer Term

Key Concepts
What makes an invention important?
Why are inventors remembered?
How have inventions changed over history?
Why is it sometimes difficult to ascertain who first invented somethings?
How have inventions changed people’s lives?
How can we know about inventions through history?
Why were better road systems needed during The Industrial Revolution?

Key Skills Year 4
Place events from period studied on a timeline.
Use terms related to the period and begin to date events.
Understand more complex terms e.g. BC/AD
Use evidence to reconstruct life in time studied.
Look for links and effects in time studied.
Offer a reasonable explanation for some events.
Use textbooks and historical knowledge.
Use evidence to build up a picture of a past event.
Choose relevant material to present a picture of one aspect of life in time past.
Ask a variety of questions.
Use the library and internet for research.
Types of settlement in modern Britain: villages, towns, cities.
Learn eight points of a compass, four figure grid reference

Key Skills Year 5
Use relevant terms and period labels.
Examine causes and results of great events and the impact on people.
Compare accounts of events from different sources-fact or fiction.
Offer some reasons for different versions of events.
Use the library and internet for research with increasing confidence.
Begin to identify primary and secondary sources.
Types of settlement (industrial revolution)
Field work to observe, measure and record local features
Learn eight points of the compass, four figure grid reference including use of ordnance survey maps to build on knowledge of past and present

Key Knowledge-Communication
The Sumerians first invented writing as a means of long distance communication which was needed when trading.
Carrier pigeons were used to send messages by the Romans, The Greeks and during World War 1 and World War 2.
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876 which led to instant communication being possible, around the world.
Tim Berners-Lee worked for CERN (European Nuclear Research Council) and invented the world wide web in 1989. The Web was originally conceived and developed to meet the demand for automated information-sharing between scientists in universities and institutes around the world.